WITH BASIC TOOLS AND THEIR EFFECTIVE USE
The level of agro-industrial development is largely determined by his equipment of the principal means of production, which is characterized by capital-labor ratio and capital / performance work.
Capital-labor ratio – the ratio of average annual cost of basic production funds for agricultural use to agricultural land.
Capital / labor is determined by dividing the average annual cost-of basic production assets to the number of employees.
Along with the overall performance of security companies and agribusiness in general fixed assets, there are private, relating to certain types of funds. Thus, to evaluate the equipment used in energy resources and energy supply rates available power.
Energy security is defined as the ratio of the power of energy resources to the area of arable land or crops.
Installed power – a power capacity per 1 average worker.
To energy management are engines of tractors, combines, cars, electric motors, electrical installations, as well as working animals. Their total capacity is expressed in the motor horsepower, and the power of electric motors and electric meter leads to it by the ratio of 1 kW = 1.36 hp
According to draft animals used by the following conversion factors: the workhorse – 0,75. c; working parish – 0,5; working buffalo – 0,6; adult camel – 0,75; working donkey – 0.5 liters. with.
In the structure of energy resources in agricultural enterprises in the share of mechanical and electric motors account for 99,5%, including the engines of tractors give about 35% of cars – 29, combines – 12, electric motors and electrical installations – 23%. Proportion of working animals is very low (0,5%).
Timely and quality execution of agro-zootechnical activities largely depends on the availability of agricultural machinery. Provision of tractors is determined by the presence of natural or conventional standard tractors per 100 hectares of arable land. Maintenance of agricultural machinery and implements characterized by their presence based on 100 hectares of arable land (for general-purpose machinery), or 100 hectares of planting a specific crop (for special machines). Often used in the reverse indicator – load or arable crops on a tractor (the machine).
Cost-effectiveness of the use of fixed production assets is assessed by comparing the results with the production cost. To this end, uses a system of indicators, chief among them – capital productivity, capital intensity and profitability of the major means of production.
Capital productivity is the ratio of gross value (commodity, net) of production to the average annual cost of basic production funds and shows how much output is obtained per unit of fixed assets.
Reciprocal relative to the return on assets is capital intensity of production – the ratio of average annual value of fixed assets to the cost of production; it shows how the basic tools needed to produce a unit of production.
Capital productivity and capital intensity may be determined not only by gross or commercial products, but also on the net production and net income.
Level of profitability of the major means of production characterizes the profit attributable to 1 rub. funds, and is defined as the ratio of profit to the cost of basic production assets.
To assess the cost-effectiveness of fixed assets is applied and an indicator such as payback period, it is calculated by dividing the average annual value of production assets in the amount of profit for the year.
Key indicators of economic efficiency of the use of all productive assets (fixed and floating) is the rate of profit and material goods.
The rate of profit – the ratio of profit to the average annual value of production of fixed and circulating assets.
With its help calculate how much profit is obtained per unit of production fixed and circulating capital. On ¬ for example, if the rate of return is 14%, this means that for 100 rubles. productive assets received 14 rubles. profits.
Materials output characterizes the use of material resources – the main production and inventories assets. It is determined by dividing the cost of material resources, the gross output.
Material-product is nothing more than the cost of fixed assets and inventories are carried forward to the finished product. Reduction of the materials means improvement of material resources, improving economic efficiency of agricultural production.