On the question of increasing the reserves of crop production
Production of all types of agricultural production is directly dependent on the level of plant industry – to develop livestock can only be based on the domestic agricultural sector. Otherwise no one can guarantee the stable operation of agricultural enterprises.
Crop production is on land that agriculture serves as the principal means of production. Spatial dispersion of agricultural production and its close dependence on natural and climatic conditions as well as maintenance of agricultural activities on different quality soils necessitate a rational distribution of crops, combined with a specialization could have a great impact on outcomes. Thus, a substantial reserve of increase in crop production (hereinafter PPR) is to improve the crop pattern, ie increasing the share of more productive crops in total sown area. To calculate the value of this reserve, you must first develop an optimal structure of crops for the farm with all its possibilities and limitations. Next, compare the actual volume of goods with a possible output. For example, the farm has an opportunity to increase the proportion of more productive varieties of plant crops by reducing the proportion of less abundant. To determine the increase in production is necessary to make the calculation, which is based on chain-substitution method.
Increase PPR also depends on the growth of crop yields. Economic studies, as well as the work of many scholars of agrarian show that a high level of crop yields can be achieved only with the high culture of agriculture, application of fertilizers and pesticides, the use of quality seeds, which suggests the need for additional cost. In the production of grain, sugar beets and other crops through the use of intensive technologies, achieved three – a fourfold increase in profits, with growth of the total cost of material and funds on 1 hectare by 20-60%, while ensuring timely repayment of additional invested.
The growth of crop yields can occur due to:
a) increasing the dose of fertilizer;
b) to enhance their recovery;
c) the introduction of more productive varieties of crops;
d) reduce the loss of production at harvest;
d) improved hay and pasture and other agricultural activities.
Thus, the effectiveness of CPD is influenced by many factors that can be grouped into the following groups: climatic, institutional, economic and technological, including machinery. Systemic interaction in the implementation of productive activities, they largely determine its effectiveness. Their impact on productivity and return on resources is manifested in the size of investment funds and labor, fixed and circulating capital per unit of land, ie, the intensification of production.
Intensification of agriculture does not preclude the involvement of new lands in cases where there is a need to satisfy the demand of a growing population for food and when there are suitable for the development of land areas. But it should be borne in mind that extensive land occurs on the basis of new technology, the latest achievements of farming systems. Thanks to the implementation of scientific and technological progress increase production at the former area efficient compared to the development of new remote lands.
Intensification of crop production is based on the fact that increases the fertility of the land with the right to use it and so we can get more and more production per hectare due to additional investments of labor and resources. However, intensification involves more than simply increasing the cost, and conversion techniques. To more effectively and invest in agriculture, we need new machines, cropping systems, methods of livestock, etc., ie the process of intensification of agriculture based on the achievements of NTP.
In relation to the current stage of development the problem of increasing the efficiency of crop production can be successfully addressed only when upgrading the fleet, allocating money for sortoobnovlenie seeds, timely credit for working capital: purchase of fuel, of chemicals and fertilizers. Therefore, the question remains, where to get the funds to purchase equipment, manufacturing equipment and material resources required to accelerate the introduction of high technology. At the present stage of development, in our opinion, it is necessary to use own funds in combination with the sources, characteristic of a market economy: mortgage, lease revenues, private investment and other investors.
The author of the article: Amirova EF