Journal of Economics

The value of labor productivity in agriculture for growth of national wealth is widely recognized, but in our country, understanding the role of productivity in the booming economy has not yet become world-business executives.

To ensure the economic growth needed to significantly strengthen those elements of social control – work-related issues that contribute to the growth of labor efficiency, accelerate progressive structural shifts in employment. This is due to the need to not only make social – working area as a catalyst, not the brake on economic growth, but also significantly increase the price of labor, which can not be achieved without the removal of residual non-market relations in the workplace.

This requires the development of market infrastructure: the union of producers, processors, service companies and organizations. Need certain conditions for trade intermediaries and financial organizations.

The degree of labor activity of both the leaders, specialists and workers of agricultural enterprises is largely dependent on their level of economic knowledge.

One of the major causes of decline in agricultural production – a low level farm management and agribusiness in general. Now managers have some experience, however, the level of controllability is low, and it takes drastic measures to restore essential control parameters.

Increased productivity due to the change in the total costs of production, so you must manage these processes, their planning and coordination (including employment, the structure of personnel, technology and equipment, products and markets). In the performance management system, we find that we must combine two subjects:

a) motivation and b) technical, ie, increasing interest in enhancing productivity and ensuring the conditions for its growth.

All this requires a rethinking of traditional approaches to estimating the growth of labor productivity. Necessary to evaluate all the positive and negative, that has been accumulated over many years of agricultural science and practice in this area.

It is important to analyze the performance in terms of not only its feasibility but also the socio-economic content.

Feasibility is determined by the content of communication with the factors of production. Increasing possibilities of technology and technology marketed under the influence of work organization, production and management in conjunction with them. Recent provide integration and directed the operation of the totality of productive forces.

Agricultural labor can only be effective if its organization is carried out in conjunction with the organization of production and management, but this condition is not always the case. The organization of agricultural production – is, in essence, the operation of the real elements of labor and management organization – the functioning of labor relations. This means that there must be a comprehensive organization of work applied to the workplace, a structural unit and the enterprise as a whole. The better organized labor, the more powerful. Under market conditions, institutional factors have become critical role in making the best use of means of production and labor.

Before the market economy today given the task to summarize new developments in agricultural economics in Russia, to seek ways to make more efficient use of material and labor resources, best practices in management and marketing.

In market conditions of managing the company itself sets the pace of growth of agricultural production, reduce production costs, the corresponding dynamics of the average wage, etc. All of this changes the ratio of workers to identify and use of reserves growth in agricultural production, are becoming increasingly important justification, allowing uncover reserves of labor productivity growth at various stages of production, plant and the enterprise as a whole.

Productivity of agricultural labor, as is known, is characterized by the results and costs of labor and is an important indicator of the effectiveness of any socially useful activity.

What should be included in the concept of productivity? In our opinion, in the broadest sense refers to a productivity level of workers’ productive efforts aimed directly at the output of products, services and works in the unit of time.

This definition specifies how measurement of cost of agricultural labor. At the same time, in our opinion, we should distinguish two types of labor productivity – individual and social. In the first case refers to the cost effectiveness of human labor at a site in the shop at the plant, the second – the efficiency and last labor for agricultural production.

In the domestic literature and practice also applies the concept of efficiency. Labor efficiency is the ratio of useful effect to the cost of labor. At its core business performance and productivity characterize the relationship between the results of labor and its cost. However, the effectiveness of labor shows the relationship between performance and cost of labor-costs. Thus, productivity is one indicator of efficiency.

Production efficiency characterizes the ratio of operating results for all spent while it costs. The basis of all production is labor, so that taken separately the means of labor “dead” and no performance does not possess. Thus, only by living labor, they become a productive force. In conjunction with labor means of production provide a given level of effectiveness of human labor, which is a necessary factor of production. Therefore, we believe that the characterization of the efficiency of production should be based on the rational use of labor.

The main directions of growth of labor productivity in agriculture are not only in the sphere of direct production, but also in rural infrastructure, in the introduction of intensive technologies, new breeds of cattle, an effective system of training specialists.

Consequently, the main ways of increasing productivity of agricultural labor are:

1) Increasing productivity through savings and last labor per unit of use value, including the savings created by reducing losses from unproductive consumption of labor (savings of feed, seed, fuel, etc.);

2) labor saving by increasing its productive forces;

3) increase in production due to increasing labor intensity compared to the average level in agricultural economics in Russia.