WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION OF GRAIN
Grain economy of the Russian Federation – a major branch of agricultural production. It accounts for 9.5% of GDP of the national food industry. This sector provides about 10 million jobs in the economy. Due to the bakery is satisfied up to 40% of the daily human needs of food and from 40 to 50% – in proteins and carbohydrates. Sustainable production of grain and its products – an important part of tax revenues for budget formulation [1].
Nearly fifteen years of market reforms brought profound qualitative and quantitative changes in the grain farming country, for which steel is characterized by: a sharp decline in grain production and widespread deterioration of its quality, reducing the intensity and effectiveness of the grain industry, the decline in purchases of agricultural products and, consequently, decrease (2-5 times) of output of food processing industries, the decline in quality and nutrition of the population [2].
If before Russia could rely on the huge size of the grain of the wedge, then under current conditions it is virtually deprived of the positive influence of this factor to stabilize and increase production of certain types of grain. Mainly due to a decrease of sown area of grain crops on 19.2 million hectares of gross harvest in 2005 was at 38.8 million tons below 1990 levels [3].
On the efficiency of cultivation of crops affected by system factors, which can be grouped into four main groups: agro biological, technical, organizational and economic and social.
In the first group (of agricultural and biological factors), the most important use of perspective, released varieties and hybrids of crops, the use of scientifically sound and effective system of tillage system and measures to combat diseases and pests. In the second (technical) – a system of machinery for tillage and harvesting. In the third (organizational and economic) – the organization of labor, material incentives and government regulation. In the fourth – the motivation to work.
Between all the agro biological, technical, organizational, economic and social factors that directly or indirectly characterize the conditions of production, his performance – productivity, gross output, productivity, profitability, etc. there is a close relationship.
Transition to modern technology – it simultaneously developing fundamentally new system of agriculture based on energy – and resource in all its elements, while maintaining high productivity of arable land and soil fertility.
The accumulated scientific and practical experience shows that the most affordable way out of this situation at the present stage is the massive introduction of new technologies.
To reserve growth efficiency of grain production can be attributed struggle with losses of crop production at harvest. The problem of loss of production is quite complicated and can be subdivided into several groups: the first are loss-related crop shortfall due to the development of processes of soil erosion, the second group due to technological reasons, water pollution, soil, etc. The third group includes grown, but lost directly at harvest, the fourth group losses are losses caused during storage.
No less important for the growth efficiency advocates modernization. The main problems of security grain industry machinery – its low quality and high degree of wear. Current status of the material and technical base of grain production can not provide normal grain production, to guarantee its safety and uninterrupted movement of the consumer, the management of grain resources. Taken measures to improve asset and the creation of machine-technological stations are limited and do not lead to a noticeable improvement in the grain industry. Therefore necessary to develop and implement programs to stimulate effective demand agricultural producers on new technology and the transition to intensive agricultural enterprises (and higher) engine technology.
An important tool for management and organization of production is the rational organization of land area. Organization of land area – is the most efficient placement on the premises and the use of all available agricultural land, plant and equipment, industrial and non-use, road networks, protective plantations, water and other natural resources.
Among the general conditions to ensure an effective work environment in Russian agriculture ground belongs to create a legal basis for the development of production.
One reason for this situation is also inadequate regulatory framework, which does not take into account the characteristics of modern market conditions. Russian Federation Law “On Grain” does not reflect the real situation in the grain industry. To date, 10 of his articles concerning state support for agricultural producers canceled. The remaining 11 have lost their relevance.
Several provisions of the Federal Law on procurement and supply of agricultural products, raw materials and food for the public use “is not consistent with the requirements of the Budget and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law” On competition for procurement of goods, works and services for state needs and the RSFSR Law “On competition and limitation of monopolistic activity on commodity markets.”
Law does not stipulate the holding of tenders for procurement of agricultural products for state needs. Timing of the approval of volumes and purchase prices for grain contrary to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. Requirements for contracts of supply products for state needs not conform to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
These elements should be considered in isolation, since they are components of a unified organizational-economic mechanism of the enterprise, and each must meet the necessary requirements. Only in this case, you can count on the effective operation of the economy.
Evaluate the effectiveness of grain reserves and to identify its increase is only possible when using the system-wide performance and evaluation of all factors impacting on it.
In each of the four selected blocks, we noted the most important, in our view, under these conditions, factors. Thus, to improve the efficiency of grain production, in our opinion, it is necessary to use factors such as the rational organization of land area, including science-based placement of cereals in crop rotations, improvement of technological processes using modern systems of machines and equipment, government regulation of agricultural production .
Literature
1. Altukhov AI Grain market of Russia at the turn of the centuries / Altukhov AI – MM: AMB-Agro, 2000. – 473 sec.
2. Altukhov AI The development of grain production in Russia / Altukhov AI. – Moscow: Federal State Unitary Enterprise “IN Minsel Hoza Russia, 2006. – 848 sec.
3. Gorpinchenko KN dynamics of grain production in the Krasnodar Territory / Gorpinchenko KN / State Agrarian University. Scientific journal KubGAU. – Kuban, 2007, № 34 (10). – S. 56-59.