Work – this is warranted by human activities, in the process that created the material and spiritual values. The labor process is the process of human impact on the elements of nature in order to adapt them to their needs. The labor process includes the following elements: a means of labor, the subject of labor and human labor itself directly. Without the means of production is inconceivable labor process, but without the labor of a human means of production are dead and nothing can create. Only the work of people actuates the means of production, facilitates the realization of their goals. Creating tools and objects of labor and working on nature, man changes himself and by developing their skills and knowledge.

Labor is an economic category and nature of its relations of production is determined. Implemented in the Russian agricultural sector transformation aimed at changing the relations of production, transformation of a large part of employees in the ownership of land and other means of production, the development of the peasants’ initiative and enterprise. Create conditions so that people belonged to labor, his case is not indifferent, not as a hired laborer, and in a businesslike way, with responsibility for results.

Manpower – is part of the country’s population, which has a set of physical abilities, knowledge and experience to work in the economy. Human resources include all able-bodied people between the ages of 16 to 55 years – for women and from 16 to 60 years – for men as well as those older and younger working-age population actually employed in the economy (working pensioners and students).

Human resources as the main productive force of society and constitute an important factor of production, rational use of which ensures the growth of production in agriculture and its economic efficiency.

Economically active population (workforce) is a collection of individuals potentially involved in the production of goods and services. It includes both employed and unemployed on January 1, 2001 their number amounted to 72.4 million people, or about 50% of the population.

Employed – a person involved in the production and nonproduction activities. They include wage earners, entrepreneurs and liberal professions, military, students, full-time vocational training, their numbers at the beginning of 2002 was 65 million.

Unemployed include able-bodied citizens who do not have work and earnings, are registered with employment agencies to find suitable work and ready to begin work.

In the agricultural sector currently employs 7.7 million people, or 12% of total employment in the sectors of the economy. Of them on farms running 3.8 million people (50% of all employed in agriculture).

Manpower agricultural and processing enterprises are divided into the production staff and personnel engaged in non-production departments (employees of Housing, welfare and child care, etc.). Production personnel – are employees engaged in the manufacture and maintenance. By industry sector they are divided into workers in agriculture, industry, etc.

Human resources include several categories of workers: managers, professionals, workers, clerks, junior staff. The largest category of manufacturing personnel are working – workers directly involved the creation of wealth or work in providing manufacturing services, they are divided into main and auxiliary. The main attribute of workers directly employed producing goods and the implementation process, to support – working for ¬ nyatyh service primary production, as well as all the workers of the subsidiary units.

For the duration of stay at the plant workers are divided into permanent, seasonal and temporary. Constants are hired for an indefinite period or for longer than 6 months, seasons – received for the period of seasonal work (for no longer than 6 months) temporary – for up to 2 months, and the replacement of temporarily absent employees – up to 4 months ago.

Permanent workers classified by occupation (tractor drivers, machinists, combine, the operators of machine milking, herders, etc.), training (tractor-driver I, II, III class, etc.), age, gender, seniority, education, etc. etc.

Managers and specialists are organization of the production process and guide them. For managers at the farms are the director (chairman), chief economist, accountant, engineer, agronomist, livestock specialist, mechanic and other senior staff, as well as their deputies. Specialists – are employees who have higher or secondary special education: economists, agronomists, livestock specialists, engineers, mechanics, accountants, etc.

The category of employees are employees engaged in the preparation and paperwork, accounting and control, utility services (cashiers, clerks, secretaries, typists, statistics, accounting clerk, timekeeper, etc.).

Junior staff hold positions in the care of the premises, as well as other service workers (janitors, cleaners, couriers, etc.).

Manpower companies have certain quantitative, qualitative and structural characteristics, which are measured by the corresponding absolute and relative terms: the structure of the employees; The average and the average number of employees; factor you-being of staff; turnover factor, factor reception staff, and the coefficient of stability of staff; average seniority work on certain categories of workers.

The structure of the workforce of the enterprise – is the percentage of various categories of workers in the total.In the personnel structure of agricultural enterprises workers employed in agricultural production and occupy 85 – 90%, including permanent working 70 – 75% (including tractor-machinists – 13 -18%), seasonal and temporary workers 5 – 8%, managers and specialists from 8 -12%. This structure is determined by many factors: the size and specialization of the enterprise, the degree of participation in integration processes, natural conditions, etc. It can be calculated and on such grounds as age, sex, education level, work experience, qualifications, etc.

Average number of employees for the year determined by adding the same indicator for all months and dividing this sum by 12. Likewise, the average number per month is calculated by summing the number of employees on payroll for each calendar day of the month and dividing the sum by the number of calendar days of the month (this information is available in the accounting registers).

Average number of employees is determined by dividing the total hours worked farm workers per year (in man-hours or man-days) for an annual fund of working time.

Retirement rate frames (ICC) is the ratio of workers laid off due to all causes during this period, the average number of employees over the same period.

Enrollment ratio of personnel is determined by dividing the number of workers, adopted by the company for a certain period of time, the average headcount over the same period.

Turnover factor – the ratio of the number of laid-off employees who have left during this period because of stress (on their own, for truancy, violation of safety regulations, voluntary departure, and so reasons not caused by the industrial or national need) to the average number of the same period.

Coefficient of stability training (Kc) is recommended to use when assessing the level of organization of production management both at the enterprise as a whole and in individual units.

Common form of labor reallocation is the migration of labor force – the massive displacement and resettlement of the workforce. Depending on whether the intersection with the boundary of the country, distinguish internal and external migration. Internal labor migration (between regions of the country, from village to town) is a factor in changing the composition and distribution of the population, with its population does not change. International migration affects the population of the country, increasing or decreasing it by the value of the migration balance.The latter represents the difference between the number of people who have moved outside the country (immigrants) and the number of people who moved into the country from abroad (immigrants).

Manpower Russia now constitute about 50% of the population. Average number of employees of agricultural enterprises during the reform years has decreased, and in their composition have been significant changes. In connection with the establishment of peasant (farmers’) holdings of more than 700 thousand people have moved from large agricultural enterprises in this sector. The expansion of the private farms of the population has also increased the number of people employed in these workers.